China is both at the forefront of conventional areas of technology, such as electronics and machinery, as well as a leader in emerging fields such as e-commerce, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and robotics. China’s technology sector has become so advanced that it is threatening to push the US out of its long-held position at the head of the global technology hierarchy.

Supported by significant R&D expenditure and long-term government initiatives, China is on trac…